Keep your students engaged and accountable with this interactive, versatile comparative anatomy presentation. Embedded frequently within these colorful slides are multiple stopping points that require students to predict, reflect, connect, and think critically about the information being presented.
comparative anatomy worksheet answer key pdf
Anatomical comparisons in living organisms also facilitate the scope of classification as per the similarities and differences they have. The main use of comparative anatomy is to trace evolutionary relationships in organisms, and many biologists like Lamarck and Buffon have used it in the past years.
Objective: Introduction: The gastrointestinal tract of humans has much in common with most species of laboratory animals, particularly at the level of microscopic study. White rats are widely used in the experiments to determine the influence of the environmental factors on the human. The aim: Study the general comparative anatomy of the digestive system of the human and the white rat through the bibliographic analysis of the publications.
The first specifically anatomical investigation separate from a surgical or medical procedure is associated by Alcmaeon of Croton.[3] Leonardo da Vinci made notes for a planned anatomical treatise in which he intended to compare the hands of various animals including bears.[4] Pierre Belon, a French naturalist born in 1517, conducted research and held discussions on dolphin embryos as well as the comparisons between the skeletons of birds to the skeletons of humans. His research led to modern comparative anatomy.[5]
Edward Tyson is regarded as the founder of modern comparative anatomy. He is credited with determining that whales and dolphins are, in fact, mammals. Also, he concluded that chimpanzees are more similar to humans than to monkeys because of their arms. Marco Aurelio Severino also compared various animals, including birds, in his Zootomia democritaea, one of the first works of comparative anatomy. In the 18th and 19th century, great anatomists like George Cuvier, Richard Owen and Thomas Henry Huxley revolutionized our understanding of the basic build and systematics of vertebrates, laying the foundation for Charles Darwin's work on evolution. An example of a 20th-century comparative anatomist is Victor Negus, who worked on the structure and evolution of the larynx. Until the advent of genetic techniques like DNA sequencing, comparative anatomy together with embryology were the primary tools for understanding phylogeny, as exemplified by the work of Alfred Romer.[citation needed]
It also assists scientists in classifying organisms based on similar characteristics of their anatomical structures. A common example of comparative anatomy is the similar bone structures in forelimbs of cats, whales, bats, and humans. All of these appendages consist of the same basic parts; yet, they serve completely different functions. The skeletal parts which form a structure used for swimming, such as a fin, would not be ideal to form a wing, which is better-suited for flight. One explanation for the forelimbs' similar composition is descent with modification. Through random mutations and natural selection, each organism's anatomical structures gradually adapted to suit their respective habitats.[11] The rules for development of special characteristics which differ significantly from general homology were listed by Karl Ernst von Baer as the laws now named after him.
If you look around outside, you probably see incredible biodiversity, even in your own neighborhood. Insects crawl on plants, avoiding predators like birds and lizards. The birds themselves hide in the trees. How did all these forms of life become so unique from each other? The answer is evolution. Evolution is defined as a genetic change in a population over time. Over millions of years, one single cell evolved into all life we know today. It seems astounding, but scientists have lots of evidence for evolution. One form of that evidence is comparative anatomy - but we'll get to that later.
This all sounds great, but how do we know this really happened millions of years ago? Well, scientists have developed enormous amounts of evidence that evolution occurs. Today, we're going to focus on one type of evidence, comparative anatomy.
Anatomy is the branch of science that deals with studying the structure of living organisms. Comparative anatomy, as the name suggests, involves comparing the anatomies (i.e. body structures) of organisms to understand their relatedness or un-relatedness. In other words, it is the comparative study of the body structures of different species of animals with an aim to understand the changes they have undergone over the years while evolving from a common ancestor.
The field of comparative anatomy helps us understand how organisms evolved by comparing and contrasting their body structure. This concept can be better understood with the following example, illustrated in figure 1. 2ff7e9595c
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